At one point, it was estimated that the losses accumulated by GameStop short-sellers approached $5 billion. Melvin Capital, the now-notorious hedge fund with the huge GameStop short position, eventually required an infusion of $2.75 billion in cash from an even larger hedge fund to cover its possession and remain solvent.
And thatâs when the Wall Street empire struck back. Suddenly, the federal Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, which purports to be a Wall Street regulator but instead operates as little more than a Wall and Broad soothsayer to a public skeptical of Wall Streetâs power, weighed in and intimated that it might investigate or even shut down the trading of GameStop stock to prevent the price from getting even higher.
Then the Wall Street-backed trading apps and the Wall Street brokerages joined in, announcing they would no longer allow their users and retail investors to buy GameStop stock. The result? When you can no longer buy a stock, its price can only go in one direction: down.
The whole saga has spawned a mini-industry of commentary on trading, markets, Wall Street, hedge funds, regulation, efficient markets theory, and who knows what else. Hedge funds are bad! No, hedge funds are good! Markets are efficient vehicles for asset price discovery! No, we need strict regulation to prevent mob-incited runs on banks!
They all miss the point. Whatâs happening right now has nothing to do with hedge funds or free markets or pricing theory or any of that. Whatâs happening right now is another front in the major war taking place in institutions and countries across the world: Itâs the elite versus the populists.
Wall Street has a long, storied history of viciously crushing short-sellers. Itâs something of a local pastime. Just ask David Einhorn, who wrote an entire book on the industryâs efforts to destroy him for the crime of shorting the stock of a bank that was covering up the fact that a huge chunk of its loans were garbage and would never be paid back. The GameStop saga isnât about the benefits, or evils, of short-sellers.
The real story is how âretail investorsâ â the industry term for regular people who day trade now and then or have a small brokerage account for retirement or to buy stocks every now and again for fun â figured out how to take down a financial leviathan. Itâs not that Wall Street dislikes retail investors, itâs that Wall Street views them as little more than commission factories for the big brokerage houses.
Those rubes donât know anything. Theyâre not sophisticated. They donât have the credentials or pedigrees of the geniuses who simultaneously destroyed the housing market and economy in 2008. And they certainly donât have the power to move markets.
Itâs Wall Streetâs job to move markets. Itâs Wall Streetâs job to tell people which stocks and bonds to buy, which conveniently just happen to be the same assets that the mega-banks are desperate to get off their balance sheets.
A bunch of trash, mortgage-backed securities based on mortgages that will clearly never get paid back? Just put them all in the same garbage bag, claim they couldnât all possibly start to rot at once, and then demand that the ratings agencies whose salaries you pay stamp them not as trash, but as pure gold. Then, when magically all those bags of garbage start to stink to high heaven, why, then itâs time to demand that the federal government â funded by those retail investor rubes who will probably lose their jobs and homes and savings because of those bags of Wall Streetâs garbage â bail every last one of them out.
See, retail investors donât move markets. Until they do. Which, in the case of the Redditors bidding up GameStop stock, they did. And that cannot be tolerated. The whole GameStop saga isnât about finance or politics. Itâs David vs. Goliath, the have-nots vs. the haves, the underdog vs. the heavy favorite with the best talent and training and equipment money can buy. It is a perfect microcosm of the war between the populists and the elites, the individuals vs. the institutions, the people vs. the powerful.
A bunch of internet randos found a way to take financial advantage of a company that had backed itself into a corner. They banded together, executed the strategy, and made bank. They used the exact same rules and systems that Wall Street has used for decades to screw individual investors out of their money.
That was the Redditorsâ real crime. Because thatâs not allowed. You are not allowed to use the same set of rules for your own advantage.
The rules here are simple: Heads Wall Street wins, tails you lose. The institutions set the rules, not you. The elite, not the populace, will determine what is allowed and what isnât.